The IEA has released the TIMSS 2023 Longitudinal International Results, marking the first student-level longitudinal extension of the regular Trends in Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). By following Grade 4 and Grade 8 students from TIMSS 2023 into Grades 5 and 9 in participating countries, the study provides new insights into students’ academic growth and the contextual factors influencing learning over time.