PISA 2012 OUTCOME MEASURES

Assessment domain(s)

Major domain

  • Mathematics / Mathematical literacy

Minor domains

  • Reading / Reading literacy / Language
  • Science / Scientific literacy
  • Problem Solving

Optional

  • Financial literacy
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Achievement and test scales
Scale creation

A partial credit IRT model was used to create the achievement scales. New scales were standardized with a mean score of 500 and standard deviation of 100 among OECD countries. Existing scales were scaled independently, and equated to previous scales using linear transformations.

PISA uses the imputation methodology usually referred to as plausible values (PVs). For each scale and subscale, five plausible values per student were included in the international database. Plausible values were imputed using a multi-dimensional model.

 

List of achievement scales

Mathematics

 

Mathematics content subscales

  • Change and relationships
  • Quantity
  • Space and shape
  • Uncertainty and data

 

Mathematics process subscales

  • Formulate
  • Employ
  • Interpret

 

Computer-based mathematics

Science

Reading

Digital reading

Problem solving

Financial literacy

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Questionnaire and background scales
Scale Creation

Simple indices were constructed by arithmetical transformation or recoding of one or more items.

Scale indices were constructed by the scaling of items; typically, scale scores for these indices were estimates of latent traits derived through item response theory (IRT) scaling of dichotomous or Likert-type items.

Only scale indices are listed below.

 
List of background scales

Student scale indices

  • Household possessions
    • Family wealth possessions
    • Cultural possessions
    • Home educational resources
    • Home possessions
  • Attitudes towards mathematics
    • Mathematics Interest
    • Instrumental Motivation for Mathematics
    • Subjective Norms in Mathematics
    • Mathematics Self-Efficacy
    • Mathematics Anxiety
    • Mathematics Self-Concept
    • Attribution to Failure in Mathematics
    • Mathematics Work Ethic
    • Mathematics Intentions
    • Mathematics Behaviour
  • Opportunity to learn (OTL)
    • OTL -  Content
      • Experience with Applied Mathematics Tasks at School
      • Experience with Pure Mathematics Tasks at School
      • Familiarity with Mathematical Concepts
      • Familiarity with Mathematical Concepts (Signal Detection Adjusted)
    • OTL – Teaching Practices
      • Teacher Behaviour: Teacher directed Instruction
      • Teacher Behaviour: Formative Assessment
      • Teacher Behaviour: Student Orientation
    • OTL – Teaching Quality
      • Math Teaching
      • Cognitive Activation
      • Disciplinary Climate
      • Teacher Support
      • Classroom Management
  • School climate
    • Teacher- Student Relation
    • Sense of Belonging to School
  • Attitudes towards school
    • Attitude towards School: Learning Outcomes
    • Attitude towards School: Learning Activities
  • Problem solving
    • Perseverance
    • Openness for Problem Solving
  • ICT familiarity
    • ICT Availability at Home
    • ICT Availability at School 
    • ICT Entertainment Use
    • ICT Use at Home for School-related Tasks
    • Use of ICT at School
    • Use of ICT in Mathematics Lessons
    • Attitudes Towards Computers: Computer as a Tool for School Learning
    • Attitudes Towards Computers: Limitations of the Computer as a Tool for School Learning

 

School Questionnaire Scale Indices

School leadership

  • Framing and Communicating the School’s Goals and Curricular Development
  • Instructional Leadership
  • Promoting Instructional Improvement and Professional Development
  • Teacher Participation in Leadership

School autonomy

  • School autonomy
  • Teacher Participation/Autonomy

School resources

  • Shortage of Teaching Staff
  • Quality of School Educational Resources
  • Quality of Physical Infrastructure

School climate

  • Student-related Factors Affecting School Climate
  • Teacher-related Factors Affecting School Climate
  • Teacher Morale
  • Teacher Focus

 

Parent questionnaire scale indices

  • Parents’ perception of school quality
  • Parental involvement in their child’s school
  • Student support
  • Parent attitudes towards mathematics
  • Mathematics career
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